IMB 2012M was deployed in the Fram Strait on 29 August 2012 in multiyear ice (NPI).

From the archive's thermistor depth labels.

Ice mass balance buoy (IMB) from the CRREL/Dartmouth program.

IMB 2012M

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

Latitude from Iridium Doppler positioning.

Longitude from Iridium Doppler positioning.

Time of the record in Unix format (seconds since 1970-01-01 UTC).

Derived, not measured directly: the distance between the snow/ice interface, from the acoustic snow sounder (Campbell Scientific SR50A) above the ice, and the ice/ocean interface, from the sonar altimeter (Benthos PSA-916) below it, using the fixed distance between the two sounders. Processed by the CRREL/Dartmouth program.

Derived from the acoustic snow sounder (Campbell Scientific SR50A) mounted above the surface: snow surface minus the snow/ice interface. Processed by the CRREL/Dartmouth program.

Air temperature (Campbell Scientific CS107 probe) in a radiation shield above the ice.

Snow/ice interface from the acoustic snow sounder (Campbell Scientific SR50A); moves down with surface melt. Height relative to the ice surface at installation (0 m, up positive).

Ice/ocean interface from the sonar altimeter (Benthos PSA-916); moves with bottom growth and melt. Height relative to the ice surface at installation (0 m, up positive).

Thermistor 1 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 2 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 3 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 4 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 5 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 6 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 7 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 8 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 9 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 10 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 11 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 12 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 13 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 14 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 15 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 16 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 17 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 18 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 19 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 20 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 21 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 22 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 23 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 24 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 25 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 26 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 27 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 28 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 29 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 30 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 31 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 32 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 33 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 34 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 35 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 36 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 37 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 38 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 39 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 40 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 41 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 42 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 43 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 44 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.

Thermistor 45 of 45 on the three thermistor strings, counted down from the top (10 cm spacing). Its height relative to the ice surface depends on the installation: see this deployment's thermistor depths.